Project 3 - Poster

Project 3 - Poster

For this project you are required to create a photo montage for an Advertisement. You will need to source a variety of images, and combine them to create an A3 sized composite image. Include wording and decorative elements in the layout which relate to the chosen theme and reinforce the imagery.

Lesson 14 & 15 - Revision

Lesson 14 & 15

Revision

Colour Management

Printer Calibration

- Gamat
- Colour Space
- Workspace
- Target Sheets
- Profiles
- Spider
- Device Dependant Profile

- Eye one
- ACE
- Canned
- Assigning Profiles
- RGB
- SRGB
- ICC Profiles
- ICM Profiles

Blending Modes

- A blending mode takes two colour values and combines them using a formula.

Scanning

- Flatbed
- Film Scanner
- Drum Scanner

Bridge/ACR

- It is a program used as a file browser

Rendering

- What we see
- Is either live or fixed
- Rendering engine

Non Destructive Editing

- Editing an image in such a way that the original image information is retained in the image file
- Allowing edits to be reversed or modified without loss of image quality
- Any editing performed is always working on the original image data, and not on a degraded or permanently altered version of it.

Lightroom

- Catalogue
- Editing
- Tethering
- Simple Non Destructive Editing


Metadata

Two Types of metadata:
1/ The unchangable information that is recorded by the camera
2/ Personal info eg keywords/tags/author


Metadata

Two Types of metadata:
1/ The unchangable information that is recorded by the camera
2/ Personal info eg keywords/tags/author

- Industry standard of metadata (Data Readable across programs)


Raw Files

- All cameras capture raw files
- Camera sensor types = CMOS
- CMOS : Comlementory Metal Oxide Semi Conductor
- CCD : Charged Coupled Device
- A brightness value for every photoreceptor (pixel) in the image
- Specification mapping the correct colour (ie. R,G,B) to each photoreceptor
- The pixel dimensions of the image
- Image metadata
- Other camera specific information

Wavelenghts of the following colours:

Red - 620-750 nm
Green - 495-570 nm
Blue - 450-475 nm
Cyan - 476-495 nm
Magenta - 380-450 nm
Yellow - 570-590 nm

Lesson 13 - Colour Management and Printing

Lesson 13

Colour Management and Printing

- Problems with under/over exposure eg exposing for highlights or shadows
- Generally expose to right of histogram
- Film - expose for shadows
- Printing - want a full histogram
- JPG Preview doesn't contain as much detail as the RAW


Calibrating a Printer

- Profile the printer
- Profile Paper
- Profile monitor
- Graphics card
- Different papers have different gamuts
- Different abosorption for paper

To Profile

- Print test target file
- Scan test target using calibrating device

Assigning Profile
It will leave the numbers the same but interpret the colour values differently

Converting Profile
It will change the values

Printing

- Flatter, convert to jpg or tiff
- Resize
- Images on photoshop canvas with correct resolution/colour space

Lesson 11 & 12 - Colour Management

Lesson 11

Colour Management

* Tutorial Demonstration by Geoff on Monitor Callibration


Colour Management
Device Independent Colour Space
- Device independent colour space has no dependence to device eg. RGB, SRGB
- Don’t relate to a particular device
- Typically used as a working space

Gamut
- Refers to Device dependant working space: eg RGB, SRGB, Pro photo
Profile
- Contains a colour gamut and information on how to convert another colour space into that gamut rendering intent

- Software: colour management module eg. Adobe
- We need to know the colour Gamut for each profile/device and how we can convert numbers
- Reference colour space

Colour Managed
- What the camera captures will be as closely represented as possible on monitor/printer
- The number will change

Working Space
- A space inside a computer to work on device

Where do we get profiles
- Default: comes with generic
- Create one: calibrate (custom profile)
- Canned profile (mostly for printer) – can download from internet for your particular printer/paper

Callibration
- Adjusting luminance/brightness/colour temp eg use of monitor controls
- Important to physically adjust monitor to what you want the closer the software can create a correct profile

Profile compensates for what isn’t quite right

Profiles are saved as ICC or ICM files

Soft proofing
- Previewing on monitor what it will look like when printed with a particular printer/paper

Rendering Intent
- When the gamut of source color space exceeds that of the destination, saturated colors are liable to become clipped (inaccurately represented), or more formally burned. The color management module can deal with this problem in several ways.

Unmanaged Colour Profile
- Non-colour Managed Profile leads to unreliable colour workflow
- Each device (camera/monitor/printer) interprets colour differently
- - Because each device has its own gamut

Gamut
- Device dependant
- The range of colours a device can reproduce
Can be represented by a 2d xy chromaticity diagram (LAB or XYZ)




- CIE (international Colour Standards) Colour space (xyz & lab)
- Device dependant Colour Space
- Any device that we can see colour can be shown on above diagram
- Additive device. Eg monitor
- Subtractive eg printer
- Printer has a small colour gamut

Photoshop
- View menu – Gamat Warning
- If it goes grey it means its not in the printer gamut

Lesson 10 - Lightroom, Channels, Masks and NDE Cont.

Lesson 10

Lightroom, Channels, Masks and NDE Cont.

Photoshop – Channels and Masks

Every Photoshop image has one or more channels, each storing information about color elements in the image. The number of default color channels in an image depends on its color mode. By default, images in :-
• Bitmap, Grayscale, Duotone, and Indexed Color mode have one channel;
• RGB and Lab images have three; and
• CMYK images have four.
Channels in color images are actually grayscale images that represent each of the color components of an image. For example, an RGB image has separate channels for red, green, and blues color values.
There is also a composite channel used for editing the image.


Exercise 12




Exercise 13 - Intro to Lightroom Part 2

Lesson 9 - Blending Modes

Lesson 9

Blending Modes

A blending mode takes two colour values and combines them using a formula.
It is helpful to think in terms of the following colours when visualizing a blending mode’s effect:
• The result colour is the colour resulting from the blend as determined by the formula.
• The blend colour is the colour being applied with the painting or editing tool, or the colour in the layer to which the blend mode is applied (ie the Blend layer).
• The base colour is the original colour in the image ( ie the colour resulting from all the layers below).



Blending Modes are used in two situations :-
1. Painting Tools - To specify how pixels in the image are affected by a painting or editing tool such as the Paint Brush, Healing Brush, Clone Stamp, History Brush, Gradient, and Paint Bucket Tools. (The Blur, Sharpen and Smudge Tools use a subset of the Blend Modes.)
2. Layers - To determine how the pixels in one layer interact with the pixels in the layers below it.

Despite the great variety of blending modes, for the purposes of tonal and colour correction we tend to use just a few of them, as follows :-
- Multiply to build density,
- Screen to reduce it,
- Soft Light and Hard Light to increase contrast,
- Colour to change colour balance without affecting luminosity, and
- Luminosity to sharpen images without introducing colour fringes

You can reduce the effect of a Blending Mode by reducing the opacity of the layer.


Blending Modes Exercise


Light & Dark

Original



Edited



Combining Images

Original







Edited




Creative Tone

Original



Edited






Exercise 11 – Multi-Version PSD File


1. Select a RAW file of your choice.
2. Use ACR to ‘clean up’ the image ie correct any tonal deficiencies, straighten, crop
3. Export the image to Photoshop as a smart object.
4. Using non-destructive techniques create a layer set that creates a BW toned version of the image.
5. Create another layer set that produces a partially coloured / partially B/W version of the image.
6. You should now have three versions of the image in one PSD file.
7. Save the document as ‘Ex 11 – Multi-version-PSD.psd’
8. How would you do the same thing using Lightroom ?
By creating virtual copies of the source/original file and then applying adjustments

9. What are the advantages / disadvantages of each approach ?

Lightroom:

- Three diferent files which you can view at the same time

Photoshop:
- All versions in same file
- Saves space
- Cannot see all files at once


Original


B&W



Partial Colour/B&W

Lesson 8 - Introduction to Lightroom

Lesson 8

Introduction to Lightroom


Exercise 9









Lightroom Shortcuts

~ Toggle between Grid and Loupe
Esc Return to previous view
Return Enter Loupe or 1:1 view
Space Toggle between Loupe and Zoom
E Enter Loupe view
C Enter Compare mode
G Enter Grid Mode
Command + Return Enter Quick Slideshow mode
F Cycle to next Screen Mode
Command + Shift + F Return to Normal Screen Mode
L Cycle through Lights Out modes
Command + Shift + H Turn cell extras on and off
Panel Shortcuts
Tab Show/Hide the side panels
Shift + Tab Hide/Show all the panels
Command + F Activate the search field
Command + Option + A Show/Hide the Activity window
Command + / Return to the previous module
Ratings Shortcuts
1-5 Set ratings
0 Reset ratings to none
] , [ Increase and Decrease the rating
Image Shortcuts
Command + Shift + I Import images
Command + [ , ] Rotate left and right
Command + E Edit in Photoshop
Command + - , = Zoom in and out
Z Zoom to 100%
H Hide image

There is a checkbox in the Search panel to show hidden images.

Command + R Reveal in finder
Delete Remove from Library
Command + Delete Move image to OS Trash

Also removes from the Library

Command + Shift + C Copy Camera Raw Adjustments
Command + Shift + V Paste Camera Raw Adjustments
Command + Right/Left Arrow Next/Previous selected image
Command + Shift + E Export Image
Quick Collection Shortcuts
B Add to Quick Collection
Command + B Show the Quick Collection
Command+Shift+B Clear Quick Collection

Develop Edit Shortcuts
Command + E Edit in Photoshop

Renders the current settings into a Tiff file, and opens the file in Photoshop for further editing.

Command + [ , ] Rotate left and right
1-5 Set Ratings
Command + Shift + C Copy Camera Raw Adjustments

A dialog will come up asking which adjustments to copy.

Command + Shift + V Paste Camera Raw Adjustments
Output Shortcuts
Command + Return Show selected images in a slideshow

Shows the current selected images in a slideshow based on the current Slideshow module settings.

Command + P Print selected images
Command + Shift + P Page Setup
Navigation Shortcuts
Command + Left Arrow Previous Photo
Command + Right Arrow Next Photo
UI Shortcuts
Tab Hide panels
Shift + Tab Hide all panels
Command + / Go to previous module
Command + Control + A Show Activity Window
Mode Shortcuts
F Cycle screen modes
Command + Shift + F Go to normal screen mode
L Cycle Lights Out modes
Command + Shift + L Go to Lights Dim mode
Quick Collection Shortcuts
Command + B Show quick collection
Command + Shift + B Clear quick collection

Slideshow Show Shortcuts
Command + Return Play Slideshow
P Pause Slideshow
Esc End Slideshow
View Shortcuts
Tab Hide side panels
Shift + Tab Hide all panels
Command + / Go to previous module
Command + Shift + H Show Guides
Command + Shift + A Show/Hide Activity Window
Mode Shortcuts
F Cycle screen modes
Command + Shift + F Go to normal screen mode
L Cycle Lights Out modes
Command + Shift + L Go to Lights Dim mode
Quick Collection Shortcuts
Command + B Show quick collection
Command + Shift + B Clear quick collection

Print Printing Shortcuts
Command + P Print
Command + Shift + P Page Setup
View Shortcuts
Command + Left Arrow Go to first page
Left Arrow Go to previous page
Command + Right Arrow Go to last page
Right Arrow Go to next page
Page Extra Shortcuts
Command + Shift + H Show all page extras
Command + Shift + M Show Page Bleed
Command + Shift + T Show Gutters
Command + R Show Rulers

There is a choice between Wooden and Plastic Rulers

View Shortcuts
Tab Hide side panels
Shift + Tab Hide all panels
Command + / Go to Previous Module
Command + Option + A Show/Hide Activity Window
Mode Shortcuts
F Cycle screen modes
Command + Shift + F Go to normal screen mode
L Cycle Lights Out modes
Command + Shift + L Go to Lights Dim mode
Quick Collection Shortcuts
Command + B Show quick collection
Command + Shift + B Clear quick collection

Can be found: http://labs.adobe.com/technologies/lightroom/keyboard_shortcuts.html

Lesson 7 - Rendering and Scanning

Lesson 7

Rendering and Scanning

Rendering
- Derivative file is fixed until saved
- Rendering engines all have different default settings
- Proxy file - Preview of image : fixed rendering
- RAW file is viewed as line rendering/ JPG Preview

Scanning

Reflective - Printed Material/ Hardcopy
- Line art
- Continuous tone
- Half tone

Transparent - Eg Film
- Negative
- Positive

OCR - Optical Character Recognition
- Scan as a bitmap and it analysis and finds letters and converts to word document


Types of Scanners

Flat bed scanners (low-med cost)
- Reflective originals
- May handle transparent images

Film Scanners (med-high cost)
-35mm/medium format/ large format

Drum Scanners (very high cost)
- Transparency
- other 'Imacon Flextight' high cost

Scanner specifications

Optical resolution
- Scanning above the optical resolution leads to interpolation

Dynamic Range
-Density difference between lightest and darkest part of original that can be captured
-Higher value captures batter highlight and shadow detail




Non Destructive Image Editing 3

1. What model does cataloguing software use?
A library model

2. Where are the images stored in a catalogue based system?
Folders, drivers, databases, store anywhere on computer

3. Where does the catalogue get its initial information about the files?
By reading the meta data

4. Where does the cataloguing software store this information?
In a central database or cache

5. What is the main organising principle of browser based systems?
The user organises it not the system

6. How do cataloguing systems organise the images?
By recording meta data in the database

7. How does a cataloguing system make changes to an image?
By editing meta data then saving it to the database

8. Can other programs see these changes?
no

9. How does a cataloguing system make changes to an image available to other programs?
Saving metadata as sidecar file or saving a dirivative file

10. List 5 advantages of cataloguing based PIE software
- Associates all the info with only one file
- Can create groups of images
- Can work with offline images
- Eases back up and restoration tasks
- Creates multiple output types from one source

11. Give two examples of software that combine image cataloguing and image editing functions
- Adobe Lightroom
- Adobe Aperture

Lesson 6 - Non Destructive Editing Cont. & Smart Objects

Lesson 6

Non Destructive Image Editing Cont. Smart Objects

- Rendering: What the data from a RAW file looks like eg "creating a picture"-
Benefits of non destructive editing: can apply some editing settings to lots of images.
- Live and fixed rendering
- Smart objects allows you to edit in photoshop but continue to make changes in camera raw.

Exercise 7

In this exercise you compile many images of rainforest animals to create a photo illustration that could be used for a travel advertisement.







Non Destructive Image Editing - 2

Part II – The Rendering Engine

1. What is a Rendering Engine ?
A program or software that is capable of rendering a RAW files


2. What three things determine the final colour of an image pixel ?
a. Original image data
b. Rendering engines mathematical formula
c. Settings applied by user

3. What are the three main components of a RAW file ?
a. JPG Preview
b. Metadata
c.

4. Can PIE software be used only on Raw files ? Yes / (No)
5. What is a Live Rendering ?
An unsaved rendering of the source image that only exists in when loaded into particular software


6. Where can the Rendering Metadata be stored ?
a. Inside the file
b. Sidecar file
c. In a database

7. Give two examples of a Fixed Rendering

a. Print
b. JPG Preview

8. Is a Preview a Live or a Fixed Rendering of the image ? Fixed

9. Where can Previews be stored ?
a. In an image file
b. along side image file
c. in acatalogue or chache

10. Why do File Browsers and Cataloguing software create Previews ?

To speed up display of image.

Lesson 5 - Non Destructive Editing

Lesson 5

Non Destructive Editing

Editing an image in such a way that the original image information is retained in the image file, allowing edits to be reversed or modified without loss of image quality.
Any editing performed is always working on the original image data, and not on a degraded or permanently altered version of it.
This is achieved by ‘parameterising’ the edits rather than actually applying them to the pixels. ie When an edit is performed, the actual image pixels are not altered, but the control settings that were used to perform the edit are remembered and saved with the image file. When the image is reopened all the edit settings are reapplied to the original image pixels to allow the image to be displayed on the screen.


Exercise 6

This exercise is aimed at giving practice in applying the tools and techniques used for non-destructive editing.

Originals






Editied





Non Destructive Image Editing


Questions Part I – The Evolution of Non-Destructive Imaging

1. Define ‘Non Destructive Imaging’ : Process of editing a file without damaging any original data

2. List four challenges introduced by digital photography :-
a. Creates many photos
b. Has to apply edits and actions to many photos
c. Multiple versions of original/source file
d. Rapidly advancing technology - have to stay up to date - file needs to be readable in the future

3. What is meant by a ‘Derivative File’ ? A version of the original file that has been saved with adjustments

4. What are two problems with using ‘Save As …’ to create derivative files ?
a. Takes up/congests disc space
b. Naming confusion between the multiple files

5. What is ‘Self Referenced Non Destructive Imaging’ ?

The use of adjustment layers and groups instead of using multiple files and you can keep them intact by saving as a PSD

6. List two advantages of Self Referenced NDI over the use of Derivative Files :-
a. Doesn't take up as much space
b. Avoids naming confusion as there isn't multiple files

7. Define ‘Parametric Image Editing’ :
Editing images using parameters and instructions

8. What is the difference between a Live Rendering and a Fixed Rendering ?

Live: Use of smart objects allows you to back track and change settings. Rendering happens continusously as changes are made.

Fixed: Settings are fixed to each pixel when saved (eg.jpg)


9. List three advantages of NDI :-
a. Unlimited Undo
b. Save space
c. Apply adjustments to multiple images

Project 1 Photoshop Tutorials

Project 1 Photoshop Tutorials

The aim of this project is to develop and extend your image editing skills using Photoshop in specialised or specific fields of interest.

Below are the 8 Tutorials that I did as well as the website where they can be found.

Tutorial 1: Breathtaking Underwater Apattment



http://photoshoptutorials.ws/photoshop-tutorials/photo-manipulation/breathtaking-underwater-apartment-photo-manipulation.html


Tutorial 2: Urban Ink

Original



Completed




http://photoshoptutorials.ws/photoshop-tutorials/photo-effects/urban-ink-photo-effect/all-pages.html


Tutorial 3: Half Sepia

Original


Completed


http://photoshoptutorials.ws/photoshop-tutorials/photo-effects/half-sepia-2/all-pages.html

Tutorial 4: Star Diffusion

Original


Completed


http://photoshoptutorials.ws/photoshop-tutorials/photo-effects/star-diffusion/all-pages.html

Tutorial 5: Natural Film Grain

Original


Completed



http://photoshoptutorials.ws/photoshop-tutorials/photo-effects/natural-film-grain.html

Tutorial 6: Bloom

Original


Completed


http://photoshoptutorials.ws/photoshop-tutorials/photo-effects/bloom/Page-4.html

Tutorial 7: Vignetting

Original


Completed


http://www.digiretus.com/tippek/cikkiro.php?SORSZAM=101

Tutorial 8: Airbrushing

Original


Completed



http://www.ehow.com/how_2053856_airbrush-photos-photoshop.html

Lesson 4 - Adobe Camera Raw

Lesson 4

Introduction to Adobe Camera Raw

Editing photos
- Lens Correction
- Crop/Straightening
- White Balance
- Tonal Correction
- Clarity
- Vibrance
- Saturation

What is Adobe Camera Raw?

It is a software that is included with Photoshop and Bridge. It gives both these applications the ability to import and work with camera RAW files.

Camera Raw software interprets the camera raw file, using information about the camera and the image’s metadata to construct and process a colour image.

The Digital Negative (DNG) format is a non-proprietary, publicly documented, and widely supported format for storing raw camera data.
Metadata for adjustments made to images stored as DNG files can be embedded in the DNG file itself instead of in a sidecar XMP file or in the Camera Raw database.


Exercise 5 - Using the Camera Raw Plug In

This exercise will teach us how to open and make changes to a RAW file. Below is the original file and the edited one.

Original


Edited

Lesson 3 - Bridge, Raw and Metadata

Lesson 3

Metadata

Two Types of metadata:
1/ The unchangable information that is recorded by the camera
2/ Personal info eg keywords/tags/author

Industry standard of metadata so the data is the same and readable across all programs. It can be editied in programs such as bridge and lightroom.

Importing: Rename - back Up - Add metadata

Raw Files

- All cameras capture raw files
- Camera sensor types = CMOS

- CMOS : Comlementory Metal Oxide Semi Conductor
- CCD : Charged Coupled Device
- Foveon : Multilayer CCD (Not Common)
- 3CCD : Dichroic Prisms (Used in Movie Cameras)

- The sensor consists of photoreceptors (photosite)
- Each photo receptor has a green, red or blue filter
- During each exposure each photoreceptor collects photons
- Photons are converted to an electrical current (analogue) which is proportional to the number of photons
- Electrical current is converted to numeric calue (analogue to digital conversion)
- These brightness values are the RAW image data

What is in the RAW file?

- A brightness value for every photoreceptor (pixel) in the image
- Specification mapping the correct colour (ie. R,G,B) to each photoreceptor
- The pixel dimensions of the image
- Image metadata
- Other camera specific information

Wavelenghts of the following colours:

Red - 620-750 nm
Green - 495-570 nm
Blue - 450-475 nm
Cyan - 476-495 nm
Magenta - 380-450 nm
Yellow - 570-590 nm

Lesson 2 - Light and Colour

Lesson 2

Light and Colour


Exercise 3 - Colour Theory






Electromagnetic Spectrum

Visible Spectrum
- Approx 400 nm to 700nm
- Peak Sensitivity at about 550nm

Sensitivity to Light
- Rod Cells are not colour sensitive
- Cone cells are colour sensitive
- Cone cell peak sensitivity at 430, 535 and 590 nm

Additive and Subtractive Colour Systems

- Metamerism makes colour reproduction possible using the Additive (RGB) and Subtractive (CMY) Colour Systems
- It is also the source of many of our colour reproduction problems!


Exercise 4 - Colour Theory



LAB Colour Space
L = Lightness Channel
A = Red-Green Channel
B = Yellow-Blue Channel

Lesson 1 - Introduction and Workflow

Lesson 1

Introduction

Imaging 2 is designed to teach us about editing, process, maipulation and how to output files for a range of purposes using industry standard software such as Photoshop and Lightroom. Our first class took us through a basic overview of what we shall be learning and the unit outline was discussed. We also recieved our first project.


Exercise 1 - Image Handling

Digital Workflow


Ex 2. - Image Handling Cont.

Q1. Which Parts if any, of managing and processing your images do you have difficulty with?
I can be a bit of a perfectionist and sometimes want to edit ALL the photos but I have to stop myself and say that would take a million years just do the ones you need to use =]

Q2. Do you think your current method of managing and processing your images would work if you had to deal with thousands of images?

Yes. I try to cull images as I go, and only retouch the good ones. It may take a while but...

Q3. If not which parts of the process might be a problem?

I need to put my photos into the right folder as soon as I upload them sometimes i just leave them on my desk top!